1,1,2-Trichloroethane

Synonyms

Ethane trichloride; beta-Trichloroethane; Vinyl trichloride; [NIOSH] 1,1,2-Trichlorethane; 1,2,2-Trichloroethane; Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-; Trojchloroetan(1,1,2) [Polish]; Vinyltrichloride; [ChemIDplus] beta-T; Trichloroethane; [CAMEO] UN3082

Category

Chlorinated Aliphatics

Description

Colorless liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor; [NIOSH] Clear colorless liquid with a sweet odor; [Matheson Tri-Gas MSDS]

Sources/Uses

Used primarily for synthesis of vinylidene chloride; also used as a solvent in pharmaceutical manufacturing; [ACGIH] Used in lacquers, adhesives, and resins; [HSDB] Used as a solvent for fats, waxes, natural resins, and alkaloids; [Merck Index]

Comments

Acute animal studies: narcosis, anesthesia, and injury to the liver and kidneys; [ACGIH] May cause CNS depression; May cause liver and kidney injury; Can be absorbed through skin; [ICSC] A skin and eye irritant; May cause smarting and reddening of skin if spilled and allowed to remain on clothes; A CNS depressant; Highly toxic by ingestion (liver and kidney damage); [CHRIS] Effects reported in humans include irritation of the conjunctiva, respiratory tract mucosa, and skin, narcotic effects at low concentrations, and fatty degeneration of the kidney and lung injury from chronic exposure; No adverse effects observed in 6-month inhalation studies of rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits; No evidence of developmental toxicity or teratogenicity in mice administered 350 mg/kg/day; [OECD SIDS] An irritant; A CNS depressant; May cause liver and kidney injury; [Matheson Tri-Gas MSDS]

Biomedical References

Yes

10 ppm

10 ppm

10 ppm

100 ppm

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs

Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the UCC [1972] report that 500 ppm killed 1 of 6 rats in 4 hours, and 4 of 6 rats in 8 hours. . . . Human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.

23 mm Hg

0.5 ppm

Odor Threshold High

167 ppm

LC50 (rat) = 2,000 ppm/4hr

Explanatory Notes

Odor threshold from "Quick Guide: The Electronic NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards"; Emergency Response Guidebook: "Environmentally hazardous substances, liquid, n.o.s." VP from HSDB;

Reference Link #2

must be preheated

Acute solvent syndrome

Hepatoxic (a) from occupational exposure (secondary effect) or (b) in animal studies or in humans after ingestion

Not classifiable

Confirmed Animal

Diseases

Occupational diseases associated with exposure to this agent:

• Encephalopathy, chronic solvent
• Solvents, acute toxic effect

Processes

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:

• Painting (Solvents)
• Plastic Composites Manufacturing
• Working with Glues and Adhesives